蒸汽压法测定导热油热分解温度的研究

根据克拉贝龙—克劳修斯方程，建立了国内外文献未见报道的测定导热油热分解温度的试验装置和试验方法，测定了大量国内外导热油的热分解温度，数据表明该法具有准确、简单、实用、省时、省力等优点     

Reactivity of steam in exhaust gas catalysis III. Steam and oxygen/steam conversions of propane on a Pd/Al2O3 catalyst

A 1% Pd catalyst (38% dispersion) was prepared by impregnating a γ-alumina with palladium acetylacetonate dissolved in acetone. The behaviour of this catalyst in oxidation and steam reforming (SR) of propane was investigated. Temperature-programmed reactions of C₃H₈ with O₂ or with O₂ + H₂O were carried out with different stoichiometric ratios S(S =[O₂]/5[C₃H₈]). The conversion profiles of C₃H₈ for the reaction carried out in substoichiometry of O₂ (S < 1) showed two discrete domains of conversion: oxidation at temperatures below 350°C and SR at temperatures above 350°C. The presence of steam in the inlet gases is not necessary for SR to occur: there is sufficient water produced in the oxidation to form H₂ and carbon oxides by this reaction. Contrary to what was observed with Pt, an apparent deactivation between 310 and 385°C could be observed with Pd in oxidation. This is due to a reduction of PdO_x into Pd⁰, which is much less active than the oxide in propane oxidation. Steam added to the reactants inhibits oxidation while it prevents the reduction of PdO_x into Pd⁰. Compared to Pt and to Rh, Pd has a higher thermal resistance: no deactivation occurred after treatment up to 700°C and limited deactivation after treatment up to 900°C, provided that the catalyst is maintained in an oxygen-rich atmosphere during the cooling.     

石油焦原料性质及炭化工艺对活性炭性能的影响

从分析石油焦原料着手，考察了其热解特性、孔隙率和石墨化程度。由于石油焦结构致密，属易石墨化碳，因此用水蒸气法直接活化得到的炭质材料吸附性能差，其碘吸附值小于350mg/g。不同来源的石油焦由于组成不同，其活化性能也有差异。通过成型法，以金山石油焦为原料轻预炭化、预氧化和炭化，得到炭化料，再用水蒸气活化得到的活性炭的碘吸附值达800.40mg/g、亚甲蓝值达120.40mg/g。以独山子石油焦为主要原料制得的活性炭的碘吸附值与亚甲蓝值分别达871．58mg/g、100..67mg/g。     

原料扩重的中压加氢改质装置投产

介绍燕山石化公司为扩大1Mt／a中压加氢改质装置的原料来源，改用大庆减二线油和重油催化裂化柴油组成的混合料开工投产的经验以及装置初期的运行条件。中压加氢改质技术可以生产优质柴油和蒸汽裂解制乙烯的原料，还可增产喷气燃料。     

蒸汽发生器二次侧清洁度的视频检查

立式平管板Ｕ形管束的压水堆核电站蒸汽发生器安装至瞬变工况期间，管板上表面的铁基金属残余物的堆积和外来物的存在，以及商业运行后管板、传热管、管子支撑板等的低流速区域里沉积物的堆积要求进行蒸汽发生器的清洁度检查。介绍了蒸汽发生器二次侧清洁度的视频检查技术。该技术适用于蒸汽发生器安装至瞬变工况和投入商业运行后可能发生污染的各阶段的清洁度检查。     

蒸汽凝结水除油试验研究

介绍了利用类萃取技术进行蒸汽凝结水除油的过程。利用具有亲油功能的HOL-100树脂,经过试验和工业应用证明,萃取除油可以达到1．0mg/L以下,可满足炼油化工装置锅炉用水对含油量的要求。HOL-100树脂具有在高温状态下(120℃)除油的特点。通过标定考核,萃取除油技术是一项节能、节水、环保措施,可在中石油和中石化企业推广应用。     

浅谈省煤器汽水冲击的原因及消除

从省煤器产生汽水冲击的原因着手分析,提出消除省煤器汽水冲击现象的方法和省煤器在运行中应注意的问题,指出只有认识了解汽水冲击产生的物理过程及其原因,才可减少汽水冲击事故的发生。     

烧结机蒸汽系统新老余热管网并网改造

针对烧结机新老蒸汽系统各自独立，使用效率低，不能充分发挥效能的状态，提出了蒸汽系统新老余热管网并网改造，经过一年多的运行，取得了显著的效果。     

A general formula for the evaluation of thermodynamic and aerodynamic losses in nucleating steam flow

Near saturation steam undergoing rapid expansion, with homogeneous nucleation of water droplets, is numerically studied in a series of converging/diverging nozzles with and without shocks. To understand loss mechanisms in such flows a numerical model is presented to calculate thermodynamic losses, which is further used to quantify associated total aerodynamic losses. For the converging/diverging nozzle configuration, the model shows that the overall thermodynamic loss is only mildly influenced by increasing shock strength, while the aerodynamic losses follow that of the single phase flow, and are of the same magnitude as the thermodynamic loss only in the case of very weak shocks. The thermodynamic losses can be attributed to two influences, the homogeneous nucleation event, and the post-shock thermal oscillations in the two-phase system. The calculations rely on a new two-phase CFD model, previously reported, for non-equilibrium phase change with droplet nucleation applicable to general 3D flow configurations.     

汽轮机回热系统给水焓升的最优分配

从汽轮机回热系统的实际情况出发，运用非线性规划理论和计算机技术，解决了给水焓升设计中的最优分配问题。结合具体实例，针对国产200MW汽轮机回热系统给水焓升的分配进行了说明。